The initial array of anti-Semitic theories that circulated soon after the 9/11 attacks still have currency today, but certain conspiracy theories have increased in popularity over the past decade.  The most prevalent anti-Semitic conspiracy theory that initially circulated following the attacks alleged that 4,000 Israelis or Jews were told to stay home from the World Trade Center on 9/11.   This theory, at least in the United States, has receded in to the background, while other major anti-Semitic conspiracy theories have come to the forefront. The most popular conspiratorial allegations include the following:

• Variations of this theory assert that the Mossad, the Israeli intelligence agency, was behind the 9/11 attacks; the "proof" is the "five dancing Israelis" arrested on 9/11 who were allegedly celebrating as the Twin Towers burned. Although this theory has circulated since 2001, the initial scenario painted the five Israelis as "spies" who knew that the attacks were going to happen and chose not to inform the U.S government. Today, the theory goes further, claiming that the five Israelis were actually directing the attacks and began dancing when they realized that their mission of creating a false flag operation had been accomplished. 
• Proponents of this theory claim that neo-conservative American officials of Jewish faith within the Bush administration, particularly Paul Wolfowitz, Richard Perle and Douglas Feith, methodically worked out a plan, with the assistance of the Mossad, to carry out the attacks to benefit Israel. This theory alleges that these officials orchestrated a plan well before 9/11, with the goal of invading Iraq and other Middle Eastern countries to allow the U.S. and Israel to seize control of resources in that area.
• The "truth" about Israeli and Jewish involvement in the 9/11 attacks will not be allowed to emerge, claim conspiracy theorists, since Jews are or were in charge of the 9/11 Commission report and control the media and government.