The initial array of anti-Semitic theories that circulated soon after the 9/11 attacks all still have currency today, but certain conspiracy theories have increased in popularity over the past decade.  For example, the most repeated early theory alleged that 4,000 Israelis (or Jews, in some versions) were told to stay home from the World Trade Center on 9/11.   This theory, at least in the United States, has receded to the background, while other major anti-Semitic conspiracy theories have come to the forefront.

The most popular conspiratorial allegations include the following:

• The Mossad was behind the attacks.  Variations of this theory assert that the Mossad, the Israeli intelligence agency, was behind the 9/11 attacks; the "proof" is the "five dancing Israelis" arrested on 9/11 who were allegedly celebrating as the Twin Towers burned. Although this theory has circulated since 2001, the initial scenario painted the five Israelis as "spies" who knew that the attacks were going to happen and chose not to inform the U.S government. Over time, the theory evolved and today proponents claim that the five Israelis were actually directing the attacks and began dancing when they realized that their mission of creating a false flag operation had been accomplished.
• Jewish neo-conservatives were behind the attacks.  Proponents of this theory claim that neo-conservative American officials of Jewish faith within the Bush administration, particularly Paul Wolfowitz, Richard Perle and Douglas Feith, methodically worked out a plan, with the assistance of the Mossad, to carry out the attacks in order to benefit Israel. This theory alleges that these officials orchestrated a plan well before 9/11, with the goal of invading Iraq and other Middle Eastern countries to allow the U.S. and Israel to seize control of resources and power in that area.
• The Jewish controlled media and government work to prevent the truth from emerging.  The "truth" about Israeli and Jewish involvement in the 9/11 attacks will not be allowed to emerge, claim conspiracy theorists, because Jews were in charge of the 9/11 Commission report and actually control the media and government.

In addition to these key themes, a multitude of lesser conspiracy theories also continue to circulate.  These range from an alleged Israeli art student spy ring keeping track of the hijackers before the attacks, to Israeli companies controlling U.S telecommunications, to Jewish owners wanting to gain financially from the destruction of the World Trade Center complex.  These theories are still persuasive for anti-Semites who  want to see a Jewish or Israeli involvement in 9/11 because of their belief that Jews are deceitful, ruthless, and willing to undertake any action, no matter how dire the consequences, to advance their power and influence.